{"id":12821,"date":"2023-08-30T07:08:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T07:08:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.iled-lights.com\/?p=12821"},"modified":"2023-08-30T07:08:48","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T07:08:48","slug":"what-is-led-its-features-and-its-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/what-is-led-its-features-and-its-history-a11.html","title":{"rendered":"Wat is LED, zijn kenmerken en geschiedenis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vo-pervye,<\/strong> Princip svetovydeleniya struktury LED 50 let nazad lyudi uzhe imeli predstawlenie o osnovnykh znaniih o poluprovodnikovykh materialakh, kotorye mogut vyzyvat' svet. Pervyi kommerskiy diod byl proizveden v 1960 godu. LED \u2014 sokrashenie angleskogo termina light emitting diode (svetodiody), ego osnovnaya struktura predstavit' elektroluminescentsiy poluprovodnikovyy material, umestshennyy na provodnoy karkase, posle chego on zakryvayet epoksidnoy smoly, chtoby zashchitit' internyy kontur, tot chelovek s osobo'ey zemletrusostoikostyu LED. Struktura LED pokazana nizhe: osnovnaya chast' svetodioda sostoyet' ot poluprovodnika p-tipa i poluprovodnika n-tipa, a takzhe perexodnyy sloi mezhdu poluprovodnikami p-tipa i n-tipa, kotoryy nazyyvayet' p-n perexodom. V nektorykh poluprovodnikovykh materialakh, na p-n perexode, prits'om, chto men'shinstvennye nositeli toka i bolsinstvennye nositeli toka rekombiniruyutsya, cheryom libo energiya vishaya vydayet'ya v vide sveta, cheryom libo energiya direktno pervodyat'ya v svet. V p-n perexode obratnoe napriazhenie, injektsiya men'shinstvennykh nositeley toka slozha, i svet ne vydayet'ya. Eto svetovydelenie principa delyat'ya injektsionnyy elektroluminescentsiy diod, kotoryy nazyyvayetsya svetodiody, izvestnyy kak LED. Kogda on v raboteyom sostoyanii (t.e., s polozhitel'nym napriazheniem na konechakh), tok idet ot anoda LED katodu, i poluprovodnikovy kryshchaki izluchayut'ya razlichnykh cvetov svet od ultravioletnogo do infrakrasnogo, svetovaya intenzivnost' i tok.<\/p>\n

\"Dejiny<\/p>\n

Vtoroye, osobennosti svetovogo istochnika LED<\/strong>
\n1. Napriazhenie: LED poshivayet'ya nizkim napriazheniem 6-24 V, zavisyat'ya ot izdelya, chtoby eto byl beznopasneeye elektricheskiye istochyeniya po srovnaniu s vysokonapriazhennymi elektricheskiymi istochnikami, osobey v publichnykh mestakh.
\n2. Eksploitatsiya: potrennie energii srovnano s 80% po srovnaniu s eynestvonnym svetovom iskustvennym istochnikom s toym zhe svetovym iskustvennym istochnikom.
\nPrimynimosti: maly, malyshchik kazyhey LED 3-5mm v kvadrat, chtoby pryspotrebyt'ya v razlichnykh formakh i sovestovat'ya s razlichnym okruzhayushchem.
\nUstoychivost': 100 000 chasov, svetovy potek'ya 50% ot nachalnogo
\n5 \u010cas odozvy: \u010das odozvy incandesc\u00e9nych svietidiel je v milisekund\u00e1ch, \u010das odozvy LED svietidiel je v nanosekund\u00e1ch
\nZne\u010distenie \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia: \u017eiadny \u0161kodliv\u00fd kovy ortu\u0165
\n7 Farba: zmena pr\u00fadu umo\u017e\u0148uje \u013eahk\u00fa zmenu farby emisn\u00fdch di\u00f3d metodou chemickej modifik\u00e1cie, \u00fapravou \u0161trukt\u00fary p\u00e1sma a \u0161klubu materi\u00e1lu , dosahuje sa svetlo v farb\u00e1ch oran\u017eovej, \u010dervenej, \u017eltozelenej a modrej. Pri malom pr\u00fade je \u010derven\u00e1 LED, s rast\u00facim pr\u00fadom sa men\u00ed na oran\u017eov\u00fa, \u017elt\u00fa a nakoniec na zelen\u00fa. 8 Cena: LED svietidl\u00e1 s\u00fa drah\u0161ie ako incandescn\u00e9, cena nieko\u013ek\u00fdch LED m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ekvivalentn\u00e1 cene jedn\u00e9ho incandescn\u00e9ho svietidla a \u010dasto sa cena ka\u017edej sign\u00e1lnej diody pohybuje od 300 do 500.<\/p>\n

Tretie, T\u0159i typy monochromatickej LED a jej v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria<\/strong>
\nN\u00e1stup LED svietidla ako najran\u0161\u00edch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed emisn\u00e9ho principia semikonduktora PN spoja bol vytvoren\u00fd v po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch 60. rokoch. Materi\u00e1lom bol GaAsP, s\u00fdta \u010derven\u00e1 (\u03bbp = 650nm), pri priv\u00e1dzacom pr\u00fade 20 mA je svietivos\u0165 len nieko\u013eko tis\u00edcin lumenov, svietivos\u0165ov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 je asi 0,1 lumen \/ watt. V polovici 70. rokov, zaveden\u00edm prvkov In a N, LED produkuje zelen\u00fa (\u03bbp = 555nm), \u017elt\u00fa (\u03bbp = 590nm) a oran\u017eov\u00fa (\u03bbp = 610nm), svietivos\u0165ov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 sa tie\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161ila na 1 lumen \/ watt. Na za\u010diatku 80. rokov, sa objavil GaAlAs LED svietidlo, ktor\u00fd zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u010derven\u00e9ho svetla na 10 lumen \/ watt. V po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch 90. rokoch, \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov GaAlInP pre \u010derven\u00e9 a \u017elt\u00e9 svetlo a GaInN pre zelen\u00e9 a modr\u00e9 svetlo, svietivos\u0165ov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 LED sa v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161ila. V roku 2000, prv\u00fd vyroben\u00fd LED v \u010derveno-oran\u017eovej z\u00f3ne (\u03bbp = 615nm) m\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 100 lm \/ W, zatia\u013e \u010do druh\u00fd vyroben\u00fd LED v zelenej z\u00f3ne (\u03bbp = 530nm) dosahuje 50 lm \/ wattov.<\/p>\n

\u0160tvrt\u00e9, Aplik\u00e1cie monochromatickej LED<\/strong>
\nPo\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 LED indika\u010dn\u00e9 svietidl\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edvali pre pr\u00edstrojov\u00fa techniku a nesk\u00f4r sa farebn\u00e9 LED dopravky a ve\u013ek\u00e9 displeje masovo pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fac dobr\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rske a spolo\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Napr\u00edklad 12-palcov\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 svetl\u00e1 sveteln\u00e1 lampy, v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch mohla dlhodobo sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako n\u00edzko\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 140-wattov\u00e9 incandescn\u00e9 svietidlo ako zdroj svetla, produkuje 2000 lumenov bieleho svetla. So za\u010dervenan\u00fdm filtrom, 90% sveteln\u00fdch str\u00e1t, len 200 lumenov \u010derven\u00e9ho svetla. V novom n\u00e1vrhu lampy, Lumileds pou\u017e\u00edva 18 \u010derven\u00fdch LED svietidiel, vr\u00e1tane straty obvoda, celkov\u00e1 spotreba energie 14 wattov produkuje rovnak\u00fa svietivos\u0165.
\nLuft\u00eb e automjetit \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb fush\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e aplikimeve t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb drit\u00ebs LED. N\u00eb vitin 1987, Kina filloi t\u00eb installonte dritat e frenimit t\u00eb automjeteve, fal\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjes s\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb LED (nanosekondash), duke lejuar q\u00eb shofer\u00ebt e mjeteve t\u00eb pasme t\u00eb dini q\u00eb r\u00ebnia e gjendjes s\u00eb qarkullimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur p\u00ebrplasje nga prapa.
\nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, dritat LED n\u00eb fushat e shfaqjeve me ngjyra t\u00eb plota t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb kuqe, gjelb\u00ebr dhe blu, mini dritare \u00e7el\u00ebsi dhe fushat e tjera jan\u00eb aplikuar.<\/p>\n

E pesta, zhvillimi i LED-t\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Da den Leuten eine wei\u00dflichtquelle f\u00fcr allgemeine Beleuchtungszwecke ben\u00f6tigt wird, kam es 1998 zu einem Erfolg bei der Entwicklung der wei\u00dfen LED. Diese LED besteht aus zusammen verarbeiteten GaN-Chips und Yttrium-Aluminium-Granat (YAG). Der GaN-Chip emittiert bl\u00e4uliches Licht (\u03bbp = 465 nm, Wd = 30 nm); durch Hochtemperatur-Sintern mit dem von Blaulicht angeregten Ce3+-YAG-Leuchtstoff kommt es zu einer gelben Emissionslinie mit einem Peaks bei 550 nm. Das blaue LED-Substrat ist in der sch\u00fcsselartigen Reflektorhohlraum angebracht, bedeckt durch eine d\u00fcnne Schicht von Harz, das mit YAG vermischt wurde, etwa 200\u2013500 nm dick. Das von der LED-Substrat ausgestrahlte blaue Licht wird teilweise vom Leuchtstoff absorbiert, und ein Teil der blauen Leuchtstoffe emittiert gemischtes gelbes Licht, das wei\u00df werden kann. Heute erm\u00f6glicht es bei der InGaN\/YAG-wei\u00dfen LED, durch Ver\u00e4nderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung des YAG-Leuchtstoffs und Anpassung der Dicke der Leuchtstoffschicht, einen Farbtemperaturbereich von 3500\u201310000 K Farbwert wei\u00df zu erhalten. Die Kommerzialisierung eines Produkts mit YAG-Gelb-Leuchtstoff f\u00fcr den blauen Chip hat eine beste Luminanz-Wirkungsgrad von ca. 25 Lumen\/Watt; YAG wird von der japanischen Nichia Corporation importiert, der Preis betr\u00e4gt 2.000 Yuan\/kg; die zweite japanische Sumitomo Electric hat eine wei\u00dfe LED mit ZnSe-Material entwickelt, aber mit geringerer Luminanz-Wirkungsgrad. Bestimmte Arten von wei\u00dfen LED-Lichtquellen k\u00f6nnen nicht von den vier Leuchtstoffen getrennt werden: Erden mit drei Prim\u00e4rfarben (rot, gr\u00fcn, gelb), Pulver blau, rosa und Granat-Struktur \u2013 wie aus der Tabelle hervorgeht, ist man f\u00fcr die Zukunft gegen\u00fcber der Drei-Wellenl\u00e4ngen-Lichtquelle optimistisch. Der Einsatz anorganischer UV-Chips plus RGB-Dreifarb-Leuchtstoff zur Kapselung der wei\u00dfen LED er\u00f6ffnet Kommerzialisierungschancen f\u00fcr Drei-Wellenl\u00e4ngen-wei\u00dfe LEDs. Aber hier ist die Partikelgr\u00f6\u00dfe der drei farbigen Leuchtstoffe relativ klein, die Stabilit\u00e4tsanforderungen hoch, und konkrete Anwendungen werden noch erforscht. …<\/p>\n

Branchen\u00fcberblick …<\/strong>
\nHodnota svetu LED Nichia LED priemysel, bol jedn\u00fdm z prv\u00fdch, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017eil technick\u00fd proces vyvinut\u00fd na r\u00f4zne vlnov\u00e9 d\u013a\u017eky, ako aj modrofialov\u00fd polovodi\u010dov\u00fd laser (Laser Diode; LD), \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1 v\u00e1ha priemyslu, priemysel dr\u017e\u00ed patent na modr\u00fa LED. Mnoho z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch patentov Nichia na v\u00fdrobu modr\u00fdch LED a elektr\u00f3dovej \u0161trukt\u00fary, dodr\u017eiava exteri\u00e9rov\u00e9 licencie, prij\u00edmalo len vlastn\u00fa v\u00fdrobn\u00fa strat\u00e9giu s \u00famyslom monopolizova\u0165 trh, \u010do sp\u00f4sobilo, \u017ee ceny modr\u00fdch LED s\u00fa vysok\u00e9. Ale in\u00ed producenti s kapacitou v\u00fdroby, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd nes\u00fahlas, \u010das\u0165 japonsk\u00e9ho LED priemyslu si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee strat\u00e9gia Nichia Chemical… umo\u017en\u00ed Japonsku v s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei modr\u00fdch a bielych LED postupne str\u00e1ti\u0165 iniciat\u00edvu vo\u010di Eur\u00f3pe a Spojen\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom a in\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m, \u010do by sp\u00f4sobilo v\u00e1\u017ene po\u0161kodenie celkov\u00e9mu japonsk\u00e9mu LED priemyslu. Mnoho oper\u00e1torov urob\u00ed v\u0161etko mo\u017en\u00e9 na vykonanie R D a v\u00fdroby modr\u00fdch LED. Okrem Nichia Chemical a Sumitomo Electric Toyoda Gosei, Luo Mu, Toshiba a Sharp, Americk\u00e1 Cree, svetove tri najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie osvet\u013eovacie z\u00e1vody jednotlivo, Philips, Osram, a HP, Siemens, V\u00fdskum, EMCORE v\u0161etci sa zapojili do v\u00fdskumu R D a v\u00fdroby, \u010do zohralo kladn\u00fa \u00falohu pri podporovan\u00ed rozvoja priemyslu, trhovo orientovan\u00e9 aspekty bielych LED produktov. …<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

First, an LED structure emitting principle 50 years ago, people have been understanding of the semiconductor material can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diode produced in 1960. LED is the abbreviation of the English light emitting diode (light emitting diode), its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed on a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":12822,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-blog"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12821"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12824,"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12821\/revisions\/12824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iled-lights.com\/lb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}